Pauls Case :: essays research papers

     The film Pauls Case is by Lemont Johnson yet is composed by Willa Cather. Its about Paul, a touchy secondary school understudy, felt disappointed with his home life and his family's desires that he would grow up to work in a manufacturing plant or the steel processes as his dad and the greater part of his neighbors did. He was not near anybody in his family and had no area or school companions. Rather, he spent his nights guiding at the ensemble lobby or behind the stage at a nearby theater. Paul longed for carrying on with the life of the entertainers he saw. He was without discipline and without heading. He had issues at school and was morose when called before a school board of trustees. In the end he was pulled out of school and sent to work by his dad. He formulated a plan to take cash from his manager and afterward fled to New York City where he remained at the Waldorf Astoria, living for a couple of days the life he had always wanted. At the point when he unders tood that he would need to get back and acknowledge his discipline he murdered himself. Paul felt like his dad, his wanton educators and schoolmates weren’t deserving of his organization.      Paul has entered the venue through the behind the stage entryway and the entertainers are falling off stage and strolling up the means to the changing areas. The primary shot is of Paul gazing toward the entertainers and conversing with them. The camera shot is a winged animal eye perspective on Paul gazing toward the entertainers. He admires the on-screen characters and feels they are better then everybody. They are the most elite and Paul needs to resemble them. At that point the scene changes to an ants perspective on the on-screen characters. This represents the reality, that they are high class and they are looking down at Paul. The following scene is again a bird’s eye perspective on Paul gazing toward the on-screen characters and afterward another ant’s perspective on the on-screen characters looking down at Paul. This shows how Paul saw the on-screen characters, he thought they were the most elevated class and he needed to be much the same as them .      In this scene Paul has quite recently entered the inn in the wake of taking the cash and fleeing to New York. There is a since a long time ago shot of within the inn and Paul has quite recently strolled through the entryway and is strolling nearer to the camera.

Free Essays on Equus

Reason and Logic The play Equus, by Peter Shaffer, rotates around a contention between a kid driven by his interests, Alan Strang and a more established therapist tired of his normal world, Martin Dysart. Plato is an incredible thinker and maybe the most notable pragmatist ever. His thoughts of epistemology and transcendentalism are encircled by his accept that the world is best comprehensible by human explanation and had Plato been allowed to converse with Alan and Dysart, he would have been disillusioned in both. Plato would have been irate with Alan as a result of the absence of reason and rationale in his life and Dysart in light of his protection from information on the universe of structures, Plato’s hypothesis about what is extremely genuine. Everything amiss with Alan Strang originated from the way that he permitted his interests to run all his wakings second. In his book, Republic, Plato states, â€Å"It will be the matter of motivation to lead with shrewdness and planning in the interest of the whole soul; while the energetic component should go about as its subordinate and ally† (104). Plato invests a decent lot of energy in Republic setting out how the spirit ought to be represented and the past statement sums up his decisions about what the perfect soul ought to resemble. As a conspicuous difference to this perfect of Plato’s, Alan, â€Å"has known an enthusiasm more savage than I have felt at whatever second of my life†¦ he remains in obscurity for 60 minutes, drawing the perspiration off his God’s bristly cheek!† says Dysart (Shaffer 82). Alan’s enthusiasm for his god Equus has taken over ever smidgen of rationale and soundness in his body and Plato would locate this an amaz ingly undesirable soul. Plato utilizes a relationship of a cavern to depict where individuals are in their excursion to information on the Good. In this similarity, Alan would be one of the men binded in the cavern, seeing just shadows on the divider. Alan has made no endeavors to get away from his dim jail thus Alan’s life is totally without the explanation Plato ... Free Essays on Equus Free Essays on Equus Reason and Logic The play Equus, by Peter Shaffer, rotates around a contention between a kid driven by his interests, Alan Strang and a more seasoned specialist tired of his discerning world, Martin Dysart. Plato is an extraordinary scholar and maybe the most notable pragmatist ever. His thoughts of epistemology and transcendentalism are encircled by his accept that the world is best comprehensible by human explanation and had Plato been allowed to converse with Alan and Dysart, he would have been frustrated in both. Plato would have been irate with Alan in view of the absence of reason and rationale in his life and Dysart due to his protection from information on the universe of structures, Plato’s hypothesis about what is extremely genuine. Everything amiss with Alan Strang originated from the way that he permitted his interests to control all his wakings second. In his book, Republic, Plato states, â€Å"It will be the matter of motivation to administer with knowledge and thinking ahead in the interest of the whole soul; while the energetic component should go about as its subordinate and ally† (104). Plato invests a considerable lot of energy in Republic setting out how the spirit ought to be represented and the past statement sums up his decisions about what the perfect soul ought to resemble. As a conspicuous difference to this perfect of Plato’s, Alan, â€Å"has known an enthusiasm more brutal than I have felt at whatever second of my life†¦ he remains in obscurity for 60 minutes, drawing the perspiration off his God’s bristly cheek!† says Dysart (Shaffer 82). Alan’s enthusiasm for his god Equus has taken over ever sliver of rationale and levelheadedness in his body and Plato would locate this a very undesirable soul. Plato utilizes a relationship of a cavern to portray where individuals are in their excursion to information on the Good. In this relationship, Alan would be one of the men anchored in the cavern, seeing just shadows on the divider. Alan has made no endeavors to get away from his dull jail thus Alan’s life is totally without the explanation Plato ...

EP 04 How To Do Effective Academic Research Boolean Searches

EP 04 How To Do Effective Academic Research Boolean Searches EP 04: How To Do Effective Academic Research Boolean Searches EP 04: How To Do Effective Academic Research Boolean Searches Welcome back to our Weekly Live Show and Fourth Episode of The Homework Help Show! In this episode, we discussed how to do effective academic research, how to gather your primary and secondary sources, doing boolean searches, and more. Our Host Cath Anne continues to provide value that will help you in your studies for many years to come! The Homework Help Show is our brand new show where we will teach, assist, and offer valuable insights on different topics related to students academic and personal lives. Want your questions answered? Ask your questions on social media using the hashtag #askHHG TRANSCRIPT: Cath Anne: [00:00:05] For any of you who dont know me, my name is Cath Anne and I am the weekly host of Homework Help Globals The Learning Studio. I cant believe it, but this is our fourth episode. Its so hard to believe. Last week we talked a little bit about thesis statements and how to write them appropriately. Cath Anne: [00:00:30] Im just going to adjust my camera here for a minute. (To Instagram Viewer): Hi, The Neighbourly Consultant, Hi, Coach Kaur. You guys are getting to be regulars. Nice to see you. Cath Anne: [00:00:45] So I was just introducing our topic for this week and the topic is how to do effective research. This weeks topic goes along with our topic from last week: how to write an effective thesis statement. Cath Anne: [00:01:05] I know that things are starting to pick up here with school and most programs require you to write at least one essay. I know that some programs are more weighted in exams as opposed essays and other programs are weighted to essays. Are any of you students currently or did you take programs that were more weighted towards exams or essays? Cath Anne: [00:02:05] I know that when I was in school I wrote a lot of essays because I was in sociology and social work. So we didnt have as many exams we did have some when I first started university but it was definitely a lot more essays than it was then it was exams. Im just a little bit distracted because I want to make sure that Im still live on Facebook. Cath Anne: [00:02:56] So this week I wanted to jump in and start talking about academic research and how to do it effectively if that is helpful for folks. First I want to talk about why academic sources are important. Can anyone give me a sense of why academic sources are pertinent when youre doing research? Cath Anne: [00:03:31] Well, academic sources are really important because we want to be spreading research that is valid. Cath Anne: [00:03:40] When we are talking about research we want to make sure that we are resorting to credible resources for the sources of our information. Cath Anne: [00:03:49] And that is why professors are, I guess I would call them sticklers, when it comes to using credible resources. Cath Anne: [00:03:58] They often want academic and peer-reviewed articles. Thats what they always request when they are looking for academic papers. Basically your essay is only as good as the sources that youre using. Thats why I wanted to discuss academic resources. Academic resources can be broken down into two major categories. There are primary resources and then secondary resources. Cath Anne: [00:04:37] Can anyone chime in with what primary resources are? Cath Anne: [00:04:50] Primary resources are sources of raw data. So those are interviews, those are information from archives. They are pieces of raw data, like letters, diaries, pieces of art, anything that people create, maps, and meeting minutes. Primary sources are not going to be resources that youll use regularly if youre in an undergraduate program. Although maybe when you get into third and fourth year and you start doing a bit more in-depth research if youre in a history major you might start looking at archives and investigating some information there. If youre in sociology courses you might start to do some research in terms of gathering data through interviews, which would also be considered primary data. Cath Anne: [00:05:50] In sum, primary sources are raw data and secondary sources are probably what we are most familiar with as students and those are resources that have already been developed and theyve already gone through the process of peer review. Cath Anne: [00:06:13] For example, secondary sources are journal articles, chapters, and scholarly books, monograph textbooks, encyclopedias, and even some websites could be considered secondary sources. Cath Anne: [00:06:29] Secondary sources are often a compilation of primary sources with a little bit of additional research. When youre writing a paper in an undergraduate degree you will be using secondary sources. In this case when you are beginning your research you will certainly want to make sure that your resources are academic so youre not just going to want to jump on the Internet just type something into Google and think that is a reputable source. Im sure most people are aware of that and if not Im sure that your professors have told you that. However, sometimes it can be tempting because we do have information readily at our fingertips all the time these days. Make sure that it is an academic source. Lets discuss some information about how to determine what an academic source is. Cath Anne: [00:07:23] First off, youll want to be looking for the words peer-reviewed. peer-reviewed means that it has gone through a rigorous process of review. In other words, people who are in academia and who do research are subject to scrutiny by their peers. And thats basically what peer review means. When someone goes to submit something to a journal they go through a whole process of determining whether their research was valid; whether their methodology was valid; whether or how they presented it was appropriate; and they might have to go back and review it and change some things. That is the process of determining whether something is a valid source of information or not. When youre doing research for your papers, youll want to make sure that youre only accessing academic articles that have been peer-reviewed. Cath Anne: [00:08:29] In order to determine whether something is peer-reviewed you want to make sure that youre sourcing it from a database where peer-reviewed articles are available. Cath Anne: [00:08:39] For example, youll go on the database youll use the journal search. Make sure that the journal that youre drawing the information from provides only peer-reviewed articles. Cath Anne: [00:09:00] Usually when youll be using a database that is provided by universities so it is most likely that you will have access to reputable sources. Most of the articles that are those databases are going to be peer-reviewed. However, youre going to want to make sure of that. Go into the journal itself and look to make sure that they do go through a peer review process. Cath Anne: [00:09:43] When you go into your database search you will see (probably over on the right side) that there will be different options that you can choose to filter your search. You should be able to click peer-reviewed articles. When you do your search use the filter only peer-reviewed articles and just peer-reviewed articles will come up. In that way you can be certain that anything that youre using in your paper is a peer-reviewed article. Although I said that you shouldnt just jump on Google and do your search. Cath Anne: [00:10:27] Google does have an option called Google Scholar where you can search scholarly articles. If you do use this function youre going to want to make sure that your search is still a peer-reviewed source. Cath Anne: [00:10:54] How do you determine that? Well, you can go to the actual journal and make certain that the your journal that youre sourcing from goes through a peer review process. Then you can kind of do your own investigative piece. Cath Anne: [00:11:17] In order to do this, look at the research article and question whether it is a research article. Ask the following questions: Has research been done? Has this research been conducted by the authors of the article? If so, generally, that means that it has gone through a peer review process. Also, most research papers have a front sheet that will demonstrate or determine that they are from peer-reviewed journals. Cath Anne: [00:12:42] As a general tip, definitely dont rush the research process depending on how long. Depending on how long your paper is going to be youre probably going to want to gather some information over the course of a couple of weeks at least and then narrow it down. Cath Anne: [00:13:09] Another important aspect to consider is narrowing your search. What I mean by that is perhaps when youre doing your search youre looking at a database and you dont necessarily know what words youre looking for. For example, Im doing research on homelessness amongst women in Canada. Cath Anne: [00:14:13] Im going to want to type in my key words so Im going to type in homeless women and feminism because I want to do my research through a feminist lens. Ill type in all of those words and Ill see what comes up. Ill see what information is available on that topic and then I might draw some words from those descriptions. For example, say some other words like social justice, social work, housing, and poverty start to come up amongst the articles I find. Ill use those words to do further my research from there. My kind of approach when Im doing a bigger paper is I like to start somewhere. I start with my topic and gather information on that topic gather using relevant literature. Ill read that over. Ill use that information to frame my research from there. Cath Anne: [00:15:31] Sometimes a good way to start is to do an initially search on Google Scholar and not in a database. This will give you an opportunity to see what information is out there on the topic. You wont always know what a database is going to have or retrieve around specific words. So you want to be open to using different language to get the resources that you want and not give up on your search. Dont be satisfied with subpar resources. Make sure that youre getting the best information that you think you can. Cath Anne: [00:17:10] When you are determining if something is an appropriate resource youre also going to want to make sure that its not a book review. However, book reviews can be helpful, but they cannot be used as academic sources. As I mentioned when you are doing research its important to see whats out there. I find book reviews can sometimes be helpful to understand those in-depth concepts about more academic and scholarly books because they provide a breakdown and a bit of an analysis of that dense information. Cath Anne: [00:18:01] If your professor is asking for seven to 10 resources or references make sure that you are aware that a book review would not count as one of those resources. Cath Anne: [00:18:36] When youre writing a research paper, you want to make sure that you bear in mind that its not just a gathering of information. Make sure that you are forming an argument or statement about the information you retrieve. Make sure that you understand the content of your research so that you can form an argument around it. Cath Anne: [00:19:24] OK. Lets talk specifically about subject headings and key words. When you open a database youll see a drop down menu with various options. Youll usually have: title, keyword, subject, author. Cath Anne: [00:20:09] Sorry thats my cat. I forgot to put him away. Sorry about that everyone. OK. Cath Anne: [00:20:18] So you want to use the subject headings to describe the content in a database. Subject headings are the best way that you are going to be able to get information and do a good search. When youre looking at the drop down menu either make sure that youre clicking keyword or subject headings and those are going to get the best, most accurate information that youre looking for. As I mentioned too, youre not always going to know what a database is going to bring up so thats why its good to do multiple searches using various key words. For example, think of a database as a search in a phonebook or in the yellow pages. Cath Anne: [00:21:35] But who has a phonebook or Yellow Pages anymore? Haha. Pretend youre searching for movie theaters in the book but you cant find anything under the title of movie theaters. However, then you realize that its actually under the title theaters movie. Cath Anne: [00:21:57] When youre looking in a database youre going to want to use different words and different language as you continue to do your research and modify your searches because you dont know whats going to come up in which database. Cath Anne: [00:22:18] The next topic I wanted to discuss is Boolean operators. Im not going to go too in-depth with this just because it can get quite extensive. But I did want to do a bit of an overview of it just because its important to discuss when youre talking about academic research. Cath Anne: [00:22:43] Does anyone know what Im referring to when I say that? Boolean operators are use to connect and define the relationship between your search terms. Basically when youre searching an academic or electronic database you can use these words to either narrow your search or broaden your search. Cath Anne: [00:23:23] The three Boolean operators are super simple. They are: and, orand not. The word and can be used to narrow your search. When you use the word and all of your search terms will appear in your search. So for example, I want to do a search on online courses and academic performance and I want both of those terms to come up. I would use the word and so Ill just show you a little Venn diagram that I have done up here. Basically I have one circle that says academic performance and one circle that says online courses and in the middle. We will have all of the articles that have both of those terms in them. It will also bring up all the information on both of those terms. Cath Anne: [00:24:42] And is used to in order to narrow your search. If you want to broaden your search, you to use the word or. For example, if we are doing the same search we can say: online courses or web based instruction or distance learning. The search will bring up all the information using all of those words. Where as and narrows the search down and limits your search, or expands the search so it retrieves all the unique records containing one of those terms or both of those terms. You can also use the word not, if theres something that you dont want to include in your search. So say you want to do a search specifically on higher education and only on university not college. You would put in your search higher education not community college. Hopefully your search would only bring up information about universities. At least it wouldnt bring up information about community colleges. OK. So thats just a very basic and brief example of Boolean searches, but they can go much more in-depth. Actually there was one more thing I wanted to discuss. Bear in mind that if you are using Google Scholar, the program puts the word and automatically in-between every word that you search. Even if you dont say the word and its still automatically inserted. For example if you were trying to search something about college students and test anxiety if you put that directly into Google it would be translated to: college and students and test and anxiety. This is not what you want. In order to get the accurate search youll want to put parentheses around the groups of words that you want to stay together. For example, you want to put (college students) and (test anxiety). It suggests to the search algorithm that you want those groups of words to be placed together. Cath Anne: [00:31:45] Lets move on to a brief discussion of how to use Google Scholar. In my own research and in my time as a student I found that Google Scholar was a helpful resource for preliminary research. Now while I would recommend using other academic databases, of course, and the ones that are provided by your university, Google Scholar can be a really good basis to start your research and see whats out there. Cath Anne: [00:32:18] As I was discussing earlier you can start a preliminary literature review using Google Scholar. Basically you can use all of those techniques that I described such as the Boolean search keywords all in Google Scholar. You can just type everything into the search bar. Cath Anne: [00:32:43] After searching you should find a host of various resources and then you can also link to if you do have access to a university database you usually can access scholarly articles through your institution. Youll bring it up on Google Scholar and then itll have a log in option that will bring you back to your schools institutional database and then you can log in through there. Another unique aspect that I really like about Google Scholar is that it has a little drop down menu, which you can use to cite the article. Cath Anne: [00:33:57] You can also extract that citation and put it into your schools database. If you are not able to log in externally so you can take that and bring it over to your database and log in external or not logging externally log in through your database and access that resource. Cath Anne: [00:35:28] There are various resources that you can access to make sure that youre getting scholarly articles. You can use Google Scholar; you can go online through your own schools database and make sure that you are using those Boolean terms. Make sure youre using the subject and the description boxes to do your searches because those are the keyword boxes, which bring up the most relevant resources. From there, get started on doing your research. Dont leave your research till the very end. Enjoy the process of researching. I know that does sound a little bit nerdy but the way I think of doing research is that it is a skill that you can carry with you throughout your life. Cath Anne: [00:36:24] It is a valuable skill that you can draw on and you never know when an agency or an organization is going to need someone to do research. Thats what Ive found in my own career is that having research skills is invaluable and that it can transfer to basically any career. So its a good thing to put on your resume and its a good skill to bring to a job in the future as well. It helps you get good grades while you are in school as a student. Cath Anne: [00:36:53] Just before I sign off I wanted to just remind you that if you are starting to have a little bit of difficulty in school or youre feeling a little bit of the pressure of writing papers let me remind you that Homework Help Global does provide you with some support for academic essay writing. We can do editing; we can provide you with professional academic writing services, so that is something that is always available to you. Please give us a shout on Facebook on Instagram and on Twitter. Give us a shout if you do need any help and let us know how we can help you at all as we do have many qualified writers who are willing and able to help you out. I know its starting to get crunch time so wed love to help you. Cath Anne: [00:37:57] I guess thats it for this week. To sign off again, my name is Cath Anne. Thank you again for the regulars for joining me and I hope you all have a lovely evening. Well let you know the next topic for the Livestream as the week goes on. So stay tuned to Facebook and Instagram and let us know of any topics that come up throughout the week. You can access us on like I said Instagram, Twitter, Facebook and on our website. Use the hash tag #askHHG in order to ask us any questions as they might arise. Cath Anne: [00:38:50] We would love to hear from you and I really want to answer more of your questions so let us know what youre interested in hearing about and we will design a show around what you guys want to hear. All right thank you so much for joining me and have a great evening. EP 04 How To Do Effective Academic Research Boolean Searches EP 04: How To Do Effective Academic Research Boolean Searches EP 04: How To Do Effective Academic Research Boolean Searches Welcome back to our Weekly Live Show and Fourth Episode of The Homework Help Show! In this episode, we discussed how to do effective academic research, how to gather your primary and secondary sources, doing boolean searches, and more. Our Host Cath Anne continues to provide value that will help you in your studies for many years to come! The Homework Help Show is our brand new show where we will teach, assist, and offer valuable insights on different topics related to students academic and personal lives. Want your questions answered? Ask your questions on social media using the hashtag #askHHG TRANSCRIPT: Cath Anne: [00:00:05] For any of you who dont know me, my name is Cath Anne and I am the weekly host of Homework Help Globals The Learning Studio. I cant believe it, but this is our fourth episode. Its so hard to believe. Last week we talked a little bit about thesis statements and how to write them appropriately. Cath Anne: [00:00:30] Im just going to adjust my camera here for a minute. (To Instagram Viewer): Hi, The Neighbourly Consultant, Hi, Coach Kaur. You guys are getting to be regulars. Nice to see you. Cath Anne: [00:00:45] So I was just introducing our topic for this week and the topic is how to do effective research. This weeks topic goes along with our topic from last week: how to write an effective thesis statement. Cath Anne: [00:01:05] I know that things are starting to pick up here with school and most programs require you to write at least one essay. I know that some programs are more weighted in exams as opposed essays and other programs are weighted to essays. Are any of you students currently or did you take programs that were more weighted towards exams or essays? Cath Anne: [00:02:05] I know that when I was in school I wrote a lot of essays because I was in sociology and social work. So we didnt have as many exams we did have some when I first started university but it was definitely a lot more essays than it was then it was exams. Im just a little bit distracted because I want to make sure that Im still live on Facebook. Cath Anne: [00:02:56] So this week I wanted to jump in and start talking about academic research and how to do it effectively if that is helpful for folks. First I want to talk about why academic sources are important. Can anyone give me a sense of why academic sources are pertinent when youre doing research? Cath Anne: [00:03:31] Well, academic sources are really important because we want to be spreading research that is valid. Cath Anne: [00:03:40] When we are talking about research we want to make sure that we are resorting to credible resources for the sources of our information. Cath Anne: [00:03:49] And that is why professors are, I guess I would call them sticklers, when it comes to using credible resources. Cath Anne: [00:03:58] They often want academic and peer-reviewed articles. Thats what they always request when they are looking for academic papers. Basically your essay is only as good as the sources that youre using. Thats why I wanted to discuss academic resources. Academic resources can be broken down into two major categories. There are primary resources and then secondary resources. Cath Anne: [00:04:37] Can anyone chime in with what primary resources are? Cath Anne: [00:04:50] Primary resources are sources of raw data. So those are interviews, those are information from archives. They are pieces of raw data, like letters, diaries, pieces of art, anything that people create, maps, and meeting minutes. Primary sources are not going to be resources that youll use regularly if youre in an undergraduate program. Although maybe when you get into third and fourth year and you start doing a bit more in-depth research if youre in a history major you might start looking at archives and investigating some information there. If youre in sociology courses you might start to do some research in terms of gathering data through interviews, which would also be considered primary data. Cath Anne: [00:05:50] In sum, primary sources are raw data and secondary sources are probably what we are most familiar with as students and those are resources that have already been developed and theyve already gone through the process of peer review. Cath Anne: [00:06:13] For example, secondary sources are journal articles, chapters, and scholarly books, monograph textbooks, encyclopedias, and even some websites could be considered secondary sources. Cath Anne: [00:06:29] Secondary sources are often a compilation of primary sources with a little bit of additional research. When youre writing a paper in an undergraduate degree you will be using secondary sources. In this case when you are beginning your research you will certainly want to make sure that your resources are academic so youre not just going to want to jump on the Internet just type something into Google and think that is a reputable source. Im sure most people are aware of that and if not Im sure that your professors have told you that. However, sometimes it can be tempting because we do have information readily at our fingertips all the time these days. Make sure that it is an academic source. Lets discuss some information about how to determine what an academic source is. Cath Anne: [00:07:23] First off, youll want to be looking for the words peer-reviewed. peer-reviewed means that it has gone through a rigorous process of review. In other words, people who are in academia and who do research are subject to scrutiny by their peers. And thats basically what peer review means. When someone goes to submit something to a journal they go through a whole process of determining whether their research was valid; whether their methodology was valid; whether or how they presented it was appropriate; and they might have to go back and review it and change some things. That is the process of determining whether something is a valid source of information or not. When youre doing research for your papers, youll want to make sure that youre only accessing academic articles that have been peer-reviewed. Cath Anne: [00:08:29] In order to determine whether something is peer-reviewed you want to make sure that youre sourcing it from a database where peer-reviewed articles are available. Cath Anne: [00:08:39] For example, youll go on the database youll use the journal search. Make sure that the journal that youre drawing the information from provides only peer-reviewed articles. Cath Anne: [00:09:00] Usually when youll be using a database that is provided by universities so it is most likely that you will have access to reputable sources. Most of the articles that are those databases are going to be peer-reviewed. However, youre going to want to make sure of that. Go into the journal itself and look to make sure that they do go through a peer review process. Cath Anne: [00:09:43] When you go into your database search you will see (probably over on the right side) that there will be different options that you can choose to filter your search. You should be able to click peer-reviewed articles. When you do your search use the filter only peer-reviewed articles and just peer-reviewed articles will come up. In that way you can be certain that anything that youre using in your paper is a peer-reviewed article. Although I said that you shouldnt just jump on Google and do your search. Cath Anne: [00:10:27] Google does have an option called Google Scholar where you can search scholarly articles. If you do use this function youre going to want to make sure that your search is still a peer-reviewed source. Cath Anne: [00:10:54] How do you determine that? Well, you can go to the actual journal and make certain that the your journal that youre sourcing from goes through a peer review process. Then you can kind of do your own investigative piece. Cath Anne: [00:11:17] In order to do this, look at the research article and question whether it is a research article. Ask the following questions: Has research been done? Has this research been conducted by the authors of the article? If so, generally, that means that it has gone through a peer review process. Also, most research papers have a front sheet that will demonstrate or determine that they are from peer-reviewed journals. Cath Anne: [00:12:42] As a general tip, definitely dont rush the research process depending on how long. Depending on how long your paper is going to be youre probably going to want to gather some information over the course of a couple of weeks at least and then narrow it down. Cath Anne: [00:13:09] Another important aspect to consider is narrowing your search. What I mean by that is perhaps when youre doing your search youre looking at a database and you dont necessarily know what words youre looking for. For example, Im doing research on homelessness amongst women in Canada. Cath Anne: [00:14:13] Im going to want to type in my key words so Im going to type in homeless women and feminism because I want to do my research through a feminist lens. Ill type in all of those words and Ill see what comes up. Ill see what information is available on that topic and then I might draw some words from those descriptions. For example, say some other words like social justice, social work, housing, and poverty start to come up amongst the articles I find. Ill use those words to do further my research from there. My kind of approach when Im doing a bigger paper is I like to start somewhere. I start with my topic and gather information on that topic gather using relevant literature. Ill read that over. Ill use that information to frame my research from there. Cath Anne: [00:15:31] Sometimes a good way to start is to do an initially search on Google Scholar and not in a database. This will give you an opportunity to see what information is out there on the topic. You wont always know what a database is going to have or retrieve around specific words. So you want to be open to using different language to get the resources that you want and not give up on your search. Dont be satisfied with subpar resources. Make sure that youre getting the best information that you think you can. Cath Anne: [00:17:10] When you are determining if something is an appropriate resource youre also going to want to make sure that its not a book review. However, book reviews can be helpful, but they cannot be used as academic sources. As I mentioned when you are doing research its important to see whats out there. I find book reviews can sometimes be helpful to understand those in-depth concepts about more academic and scholarly books because they provide a breakdown and a bit of an analysis of that dense information. Cath Anne: [00:18:01] If your professor is asking for seven to 10 resources or references make sure that you are aware that a book review would not count as one of those resources. Cath Anne: [00:18:36] When youre writing a research paper, you want to make sure that you bear in mind that its not just a gathering of information. Make sure that you are forming an argument or statement about the information you retrieve. Make sure that you understand the content of your research so that you can form an argument around it. Cath Anne: [00:19:24] OK. Lets talk specifically about subject headings and key words. When you open a database youll see a drop down menu with various options. Youll usually have: title, keyword, subject, author. Cath Anne: [00:20:09] Sorry thats my cat. I forgot to put him away. Sorry about that everyone. OK. Cath Anne: [00:20:18] So you want to use the subject headings to describe the content in a database. Subject headings are the best way that you are going to be able to get information and do a good search. When youre looking at the drop down menu either make sure that youre clicking keyword or subject headings and those are going to get the best, most accurate information that youre looking for. As I mentioned too, youre not always going to know what a database is going to bring up so thats why its good to do multiple searches using various key words. For example, think of a database as a search in a phonebook or in the yellow pages. Cath Anne: [00:21:35] But who has a phonebook or Yellow Pages anymore? Haha. Pretend youre searching for movie theaters in the book but you cant find anything under the title of movie theaters. However, then you realize that its actually under the title theaters movie. Cath Anne: [00:21:57] When youre looking in a database youre going to want to use different words and different language as you continue to do your research and modify your searches because you dont know whats going to come up in which database. Cath Anne: [00:22:18] The next topic I wanted to discuss is Boolean operators. Im not going to go too in-depth with this just because it can get quite extensive. But I did want to do a bit of an overview of it just because its important to discuss when youre talking about academic research. Cath Anne: [00:22:43] Does anyone know what Im referring to when I say that? Boolean operators are use to connect and define the relationship between your search terms. Basically when youre searching an academic or electronic database you can use these words to either narrow your search or broaden your search. Cath Anne: [00:23:23] The three Boolean operators are super simple. They are: and, orand not. The word and can be used to narrow your search. When you use the word and all of your search terms will appear in your search. So for example, I want to do a search on online courses and academic performance and I want both of those terms to come up. I would use the word and so Ill just show you a little Venn diagram that I have done up here. Basically I have one circle that says academic performance and one circle that says online courses and in the middle. We will have all of the articles that have both of those terms in them. It will also bring up all the information on both of those terms. Cath Anne: [00:24:42] And is used to in order to narrow your search. If you want to broaden your search, you to use the word or. For example, if we are doing the same search we can say: online courses or web based instruction or distance learning. The search will bring up all the information using all of those words. Where as and narrows the search down and limits your search, or expands the search so it retrieves all the unique records containing one of those terms or both of those terms. You can also use the word not, if theres something that you dont want to include in your search. So say you want to do a search specifically on higher education and only on university not college. You would put in your search higher education not community college. Hopefully your search would only bring up information about universities. At least it wouldnt bring up information about community colleges. OK. So thats just a very basic and brief example of Boolean searches, but they can go much more in-depth. Actually there was one more thing I wanted to discuss. Bear in mind that if you are using Google Scholar, the program puts the word and automatically in-between every word that you search. Even if you dont say the word and its still automatically inserted. For example if you were trying to search something about college students and test anxiety if you put that directly into Google it would be translated to: college and students and test and anxiety. This is not what you want. In order to get the accurate search youll want to put parentheses around the groups of words that you want to stay together. For example, you want to put (college students) and (test anxiety). It suggests to the search algorithm that you want those groups of words to be placed together. Cath Anne: [00:31:45] Lets move on to a brief discussion of how to use Google Scholar. In my own research and in my time as a student I found that Google Scholar was a helpful resource for preliminary research. Now while I would recommend using other academic databases, of course, and the ones that are provided by your university, Google Scholar can be a really good basis to start your research and see whats out there. Cath Anne: [00:32:18] As I was discussing earlier you can start a preliminary literature review using Google Scholar. Basically you can use all of those techniques that I described such as the Boolean search keywords all in Google Scholar. You can just type everything into the search bar. Cath Anne: [00:32:43] After searching you should find a host of various resources and then you can also link to if you do have access to a university database you usually can access scholarly articles through your institution. Youll bring it up on Google Scholar and then itll have a log in option that will bring you back to your schools institutional database and then you can log in through there. Another unique aspect that I really like about Google Scholar is that it has a little drop down menu, which you can use to cite the article. Cath Anne: [00:33:57] You can also extract that citation and put it into your schools database. If you are not able to log in externally so you can take that and bring it over to your database and log in external or not logging externally log in through your database and access that resource. Cath Anne: [00:35:28] There are various resources that you can access to make sure that youre getting scholarly articles. You can use Google Scholar; you can go online through your own schools database and make sure that you are using those Boolean terms. Make sure youre using the subject and the description boxes to do your searches because those are the keyword boxes, which bring up the most relevant resources. From there, get started on doing your research. Dont leave your research till the very end. Enjoy the process of researching. I know that does sound a little bit nerdy but the way I think of doing research is that it is a skill that you can carry with you throughout your life. Cath Anne: [00:36:24] It is a valuable skill that you can draw on and you never know when an agency or an organization is going to need someone to do research. Thats what Ive found in my own career is that having research skills is invaluable and that it can transfer to basically any career. So its a good thing to put on your resume and its a good skill to bring to a job in the future as well. It helps you get good grades while you are in school as a student. Cath Anne: [00:36:53] Just before I sign off I wanted to just remind you that if you are starting to have a little bit of difficulty in school or youre feeling a little bit of the pressure of writing papers let me remind you that Homework Help Global does provide you with some support for academic essay writing. We can do editing; we can provide you with professional academic writing services, so that is something that is always available to you. Please give us a shout on Facebook on Instagram and on Twitter. Give us a shout if you do need any help and let us know how we can help you at all as we do have many qualified writers who are willing and able to help you out. I know its starting to get crunch time so wed love to help you. Cath Anne: [00:37:57] I guess thats it for this week. To sign off again, my name is Cath Anne. Thank you again for the regulars for joining me and I hope you all have a lovely evening. Well let you know the next topic for the Livestream as the week goes on. So stay tuned to Facebook and Instagram and let us know of any topics that come up throughout the week. You can access us on like I said Instagram, Twitter, Facebook and on our website. Use the hash tag #askHHG in order to ask us any questions as they might arise. Cath Anne: [00:38:50] We would love to hear from you and I really want to answer more of your questions so let us know what youre interested in hearing about and we will design a show around what you guys want to hear. All right thank you so much for joining me and have a great evening.

Lessons from Thirty Years Practicing Yoga - 897 Words

Since childhood I have been obsessed with the mystery that surrounds yoga. Growing up in a stereotypical,1970’s Southern California beach town I was accustom to seeing people practice yoga, meditation, and Tai Chi near the ocean and in local parks. Watching them float peacefully and happily through their routines I knew that there was something special about what they were doing. Amongst my childhood possession are two purchases from the school’s book fair. My choices in 1976 were a copy of Siddhartha by Herman Hesse and Lilas, Yoga and You by Lilias Folan. I’m sure my parents thought this was just a phase. Ironically, my mother was a â€Å"country club† yogi - yoga practice minus the philosophy. She practiced yoga to relieve the stress that tennis and running left on her body. I watched her stretch, stand on her head, and do backbends. I’d follow along side and try to out do her by throwing in the splits. I guess you can say I grew up as a yogi influenced by the spiritual yoga revolution in my community but balanced by my mother’s practical approach to physical health . As I reflect on thirty plus years on the mat, I realize there are many lessons to be learned from this timeless practice. With much of my adult life spent in service as a military officer followed by a successful career in the highly competitive medical device sales industry, I have used my yoga practice as a security blanket, a barometer to measure ethical decisions, and as a method to return to myShow MoreRelatedHow Success Breaks Down Into Life1678 Words   |  7 Pagesowning all of the lat est cars, fashions, and technology is the key to happiness, and hence, success ?† I believe that the definition of success is deeply personal and surely will be different for every man. I may have lived only nineteen years of the seventy years I might go on to live, however, success is the thing that I am going to carry with throughout my lifelong, and I know it to sufficiently to tell. I would say - â€Å"To truly understand what is a success, one must first understand the natureRead MoreInnovators Dna84615 Words   |  339 Pages(Continued from front flap) is the Horace Beesley Professor of Strategy at the Marriott School, Brigham Young University. He is widely published in strategy and business journals and was the fourth most cited management scholar from 1996–2006. is a professor of leadership at INSEAD. He consults to organizations around the world on innovation, globalization, and transformation and has published extensively in leading academic and business journals. is the Robert and Jane CizikRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pages10.5/12 ITC New Baskerville Std Credits and acknowledgments borrowed from other sources and reproduced, with permission, in this textbook appear on the appropriate page within text. Copyright  © 2013, 2011, 2009, 2007, 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Prentice Hall. All rights reserved. Manufactured in the United States of America. This publication is protected by Copyright, and permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrievalRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 PagesWeidemann-Book Credits and acknowledgments borrowed from other sources and reproduced, with permission, in this textbook appear on appropriate page within text. Copyright  © 2011, 2007, 2005, 2002, 1998 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Prentice Hall, One Lake Street, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458. All rights reserved. Manufactured in the United States of America. This publication is protected by Copyright, and permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproductionRead MoreMarketing Management 14th Edition Test Bank Kotler Test Bank173911 Words   |  696 Pagesmanner. D) It is defined as the field that deals with planning and managing a business at the highest level of corporate hierarchy. E) It occurs when at least one party to a potential exchange thinks about the means of achieving desired responses from other parties. Answer: E Page Ref: 5 Objective: 2 Difficulty: Moderate 4) A social definition of marketing says ________. A) effective marketing requires companies to remove intermediaries to achieve a closer connection with direct consumers

Importance of Cad in Civil Engineering - 1397 Words

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Can Noise Traders Survive Free Essays

Discuss the implications of the paradox that although financial theory assumes that investors are rational in practive, few if any investors appear to approach investments decisions in a rational manner. Can Noise Traders Survive? 1. Introduction Noise Trader is a financial term introduced by Kyle (1985) and Black (1986). We will write a custom essay sample on Can Noise Traders Survive or any similar topic only for you Order Now It refers to a stock trader who lacks access to inside information and makes irrational investment decisions (De Long et al. , 1990). Traditional financial theories are often based on the assumption that all the investors are rational. The burgeoning behavioral finance departs from classical financial theory by dropping this basic assumption (Carty, 2005). In recent years, there has been a growing interest in studying the behaviour and effects of noise traders. Friedman (1953) and Fama (1965) argue that noise traders are irrelevant because they will be driven out of market by rational investors who trade against them. On the contrary, Black (1986) argues that noise traders can survive in the long run, and the entire financial market cannot function properly without noise traders. This essay will attempt to demonstrate that noise traders can make profits and survive in the long run, they can maintain a price impact and provide liquidity to the market. In order to demonstrate this, first, this essay will be specifically focusing on efficient-market hypothesis (EMH), which is a representative traditional financial theory based on rational investors assumption. Both empirical and theoretical evidence will be given in order to demonstrate the discrepancy between the rational investors assumption and real financial markets. Second, this essay will further explain how noise traders can survive in the long run, even sometimes earn higher expected returns than rational investors. Finally, it should be noted that noise trading is essential to financial market as its impact on asset pricing and benefits for market liquidity. 2. Illogicality of efficient-market hypothesis Efficient-market hypothesis (EMH) assumes that financial markets are â€Å"informationally efficient† (Fama, 1965). All investors can make rational investment decisions based on full disclosure of information. Their argument against the importance of noise traders points out that if the price of an asset diverges from its fundamental value, rational arbitrageurs will buy the undervalued shares on one exchange while sell the same amount of overvalued shares on another exchange (Shleifer, 2000). The actions of rational arbitrageurs will drive the price back to its fundamental value. In the long run, therefore, noise traders will consistently lose money to rational arbitrageurs, thus eventually disappear from the market (De Long et al. , 1990). In order words, noise traders cannot survive in the financial market because their expected returns are negative. However, although efficient-market hypothesis is a cornerstone of modern financial theory, it is often disputed by investors and researchers both empirically and theoretically. The theoretical paradox of EMH and empirical evidence against EMH in real financial markets will be further explained by the following examples. The Grossman-Stiglitz paradox (Grossman and Stiglitz, 1980) testifies that financial market can not be â€Å"informationally efficient†. Grossman and Stiglitz argue that †because information is costly, prices cannot perfectly reflect the information which is available, since if it did, those who spent resources to obtain it would receive no compensation† (Grossman and Stiglitz, 1980, p. 405 ). If a market is informationally efficient, it means that all relevant information is reflected in market prices. Therefore there is no incentive to collect the information. However, if no one will pay to collect the information, the information then can not reflect in the prices. In summary, The Grossman-Stiglitz paradox contradicts efficient-market hypothesis, which might prove that efficient-market is not the real feature of financial market. There are also other paradoxes that are seemingly impossible to explain according to efficient-market hypothesis. From the perspective of rational arbitrageurs, if noise traders are all eventually driven out of markets, there will be no price discrepancies for arbitrage. Thus the rational arbitrageurs will also disappear from the markets. In that case, how can the markets maintain a non-arbitrage equilibrium? From the perspective of noise traders, if noise traders are all driven out of markets, how do the markets generate the original noise traders? It seems clear that those two paradoxes serve as evidence of the existence of noise traders. Efficient-market hypothesis also states that it is impossible for investors to consistently out-perform the average market returns, or in other words, â€Å"beat the market†, because the market price is generally equal to or close to the fair value (Fama, 1965). It is impossible, therefore, for investors to earn higher returns through purchasing undervalued stocks. Investors can only increase their profits by trading riskier stocks (http://www. investopedia. com/). However, empirically speaking, there is a large quantity of real financial examples to support that stocks are not always traded at their fair value. On Monday October 19, 1987, the financial markets around the world fell by over 20%, shedding a huge value in a single day (Ahsan, 2012). It serves as example that market price can diverge significantly from its fair value. In addition, Warren Buffett has consistently beaten the market over a long period of time, which also contradicts efficient-market hypothesis (http://www. nvestopedia. com/). Thus, the two empirical examples above show that there is a huge discrepancy between real financial markets and efficient-market hypothesis rational investors assumption. However, how do noise traders survive from rational investors and arbitrageurs? 3. Explanation of noise traders’ survival The DSSW model (De Long et. al. , 1990) further explains how noise traders can exist in the long run. The efficient-market hypothesis argues that if asset price diverges from its fair value by noise traders, rational arbitrageurs will trade against them hence push the price back to its fair value. However, it is far from the truth in real financial market. If noise traders are too optimistic about stock and have raised up the price of the stock from its fundamental value, an arbitrageur will bear huge risk selling the stock because noise traders optimistic beliefs will not change for a long time, thus the price will not return, or be pushed up even further by noise traders (De Long et. al. , 1990). The risk rational arbitrageurs bears trying to change noise traders’ opinions is named â€Å"noise trader risk†. Since rational arbitrageurs are risk-averse, the noise trader risk will limit their willingness to trade against noise traders. De Long et. al (1990) argue that â€Å"the arbitrage does not eliminate the effects of noise because noise itself creates risk. † Therefore the noise traders can exist in the long run. De Long et. al (1990) also argue that noise traders may even earn higher expected returns than rational investors. If noise traders are over bullish about an asset and invest more, it means they bring additional noise trader risk into the asset, therefore rational arbitrageurs will find the asset less attractive because arbitrageurs are risk-averse investors. Noise traders, especially those overconfident investors, invest more in the risky asset than rational investors. Overconfident traders take on more risk and hence earn higher profits than their rational counterparts. De Long et. al (1990) say that â€Å"noise traders can earn higher expected returns solely by bearing more of the risk that they themselves create†. It is reasonable to conclude that noise traders can survive in the long tun and may even make more profits than rational investors. This may lead us to ask is there any significance of noise traders existing in financial markets? . Significance of noise traders The significance of noise traders can be divided into two parts, namely the benefits for market liquidity and the impact on asset prices. First, noise trader is the indispensable component of financial market. Black (1986) argues that if all investors are rational, there will be very little trading in individual assets. It means there is no incentives for inves tors to trade in the shares of an individual firm against those who share the same information and same beliefs on the stock. Traders will invest in mutual funds, or portfolios, or index futures instead of individual firms. However, individual shares are price foundations of mutual funds, portfolios and index futures (Black, 1986). Therefore, the entire financial market depends on liquidity in individual assets provided by noise traders. Second, noise traders can maintain a large price impact. According to an empirical research on on Dow Jones Industrial Average and SP500 returns, the price impact of rational sentiments is greater than that of irrational sentiments (Verma et al, 2008). Verma et al (2008) also argue that stock market returns have a immediate and positive response to noise trading. Therefore, it seems clear that noise trading is the essential ingredient in financial market since it is beneficial for market liquidity and it has huge price impact on stocks. Conclusion In conclusion, this essay has demonstrated that in spite of the basic model significance, traditional financial theory’s rational investors assumption is unrealistic. Noise traders can survive in the long run, and may even earn higher expected returns than rational investors. Noise trading is indispensable component of financial market, and has significant effects on asset pricing and benefits for market liquidity. The financial market equilibrium is achieved by the coexist of noise traders and rational traders. However, the existing theories are not enough to fully explain every aspects of this extremely sophisticated financial system. There still remains a large number of puzzles and anomalies for us to further explore. 6. Reference Ahsan, M. , â€Å"Where Was the Invisible Hand during the Crash? † Economic Insights–Trends and Challenges, 2012, Vol. , pp. 44 – 52 Black. F. , â€Å"Noise. † The Journal of Finance, 1986, Vol. 3, pp. 529-543 Carty, C. M. , â€Å"Do Investors Make Rational Or Emotional Decisions? † Financial Advisor, 2005, May issue, see also http://financialadvisormagazine. com/component/content/article/1115. html? issue=56magazineID=1Itemid=73 De Long, J. B. , Shleifer, A. , Summers, L. , and Waldmann, R . â€Å"Noise Trader Risk in Financial Markets. † Journal of Political Economy, 1990(98) De Long, J. B. , Shleifer, A. , Summers, L. , and Waldmann, R. â€Å"The Survival of Noise Traders in Financial Markets. The Journal of Business, 1991, vol. 64 Fama, E. F. , â€Å"Random Walks in Stock Market Prices. † Financial Analysts Journal, 1965, Vol. 38, No. 1, pp. 34-105 Friedman, M. ,†The Case For Flexible Exchange Rates. † Essays in Positive Economics, 1953, Chicago: Chicago University Press Grossman, J. , Stiglitz, J. , â€Å"On the Impossibility of Informationally Efficient Markets†. American Economic Review, 1980, 70 (3): 393–408 Kyle, A. S. , â€Å"Continuous Auctions and Insider Trading. † Econometrica, 1985, vol. 53, pp. 1315-1336 Palomino, F. â€Å"Noise Trading in Small Markets†, Journal of Finance, 1996, vol. 51, No. 4, pp. 1537-1550 Shleifer, A. , La Porta, R. , Lopez-de-Silanes, F. , Vishny, R. , â€Å"Investor Protecti on and Corporate Governance. † Journal of Financial Economics, 2000(58), pp. 3-27 Verma, R. , Baklaci, H. , Soydemir. G. , â€Å"The impact of rational and irrational sentiments of individual and institutional investors on DJIA and SP500 index returns. † Applied Financial Economics, 2008(18), pp. 1303–1317 â€Å"Efficient Market Hypothesis – EMH†, http://www. investopedia. com/terms/e/efficientmarkethypothesis. asp#axzz26ppseTGk How to cite Can Noise Traders Survive, Papers

QUALITY INTERPERSONAL RELATIONSHIPS Essays -

QUALITY INTERPERSONAL RELATIONSHIPS A quality interpersonal relationship is a relationship which is built on understanding of self and others. A quality interpersonal relationship goes beyound just being casually aquainted with others to sharing with and gaining an understanding of one another. What I mean by sharing with is that you get a feeling for each other. I can empathize with you and see things through your eyes. When a quality interpersonal relationship is present there's certain amount of synergy that takes place between the persons involved in the relationship. A good example of a quality interpersonal relationship could be found within the strong family unit. If we were to study a family that is close knit what would we see. We would most likely see the following characteristics: individual respect, trust, open lines of communication, open mindedness, patience, empathy, love and many other attributes which add up to a strong interpersonal relationship. With in a strong family you find people that truely feel for each other. For example if Mom is sick the morale of the other family members goes down. If Dad gets a promotion the hold family shares the feelings of esteem with Dad. The point I'm trying to make is that in quality interpersonal relationship you will start to feel some of things that I feel which allows you to better understand me and communicate with me. Although a quality interpersonal relationship sounds like the best thing since Campbell soup and the Gerry-curl it's not a relationship that's easily achieved. To achieve a quality interpersonal relationship takes time, effort, desire, understanding, trust, disclosure, and feedback, effective communication, and etc. When we first meet a person we don't immediately establish an interpersonal relationship. As implied in the opening paragraphs, a quality interpersonal relationship goes for beyound conducting casual conversation. It takes time to build an interpersonal relationship. Why? People like to interact; however, they are protective of there feelings and don't immediately open up to let you inside to see who's live there. What I'm saying is to establish an interpersonal relationship with others you need to know things about them and get some perceptiion of how they interpret things. To get this type of understanding about another person takes time. A good example would be the development of a friendship. Think of your best friend. This is probably one of the most productive inpersonal relationships that exist for you. Now go back from the time you met up until now. How did you get to become such best friends? As you think through the process you find those things that lead you to become best friends are the some of the same things that are required to build and interpersonal relationship. I think the depth or even mere existance of an interpersonal relationship hinges on disclosure and feedback. Let's talk about the importance of disclosure and feedback in a quality interpersonal relationship. First of all let me give credit where credit is do. My ideas of disclosure and feedback come from the self- disclosure model developed by Joseph Luft and Harrington Ingham. The model has become know and Johari's window. The premise of the model is that the more we disclose about ourselves and get feedback the more we learn about ourselves and the more others learn about us. I believe there is a direct tie between this theory and how a quality interpersonal relationship is achieved. When I met the person who is now my best friend, I started the relationship with a casual hello, like most people do. As time passed, I found reasons to disclose things about me. Well guess what happen; as I started to disclose things about me he also shared things about him. As more time passed, we started to give feedback to each other about the characteristics and behaviors of each other. ! The longer relationship lasted and the more we disclosed the more we begin to trust each other. The more trust the more disclosure and feedback. This continued until we've developed an inseperable friendship and a top quality interpersonal relationship. So you can see it doesn't happen over night and it takes time and risk to build an interpersonal relationship. The risk comes in when